The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay In the opening scene of The Crucible, the playwright reveals insight into John and Elizabeths troubled marriage through Elizabeths subtle passive-aggressive gestures, Johns incoherent ramblings, and his emotional explosion at the end showing his frustration. Tension between the two immediately increases when John Proctor comes home late. Apparently, Elizabeth knows about Johns extramarital affair with Abigail. Elizabeths annoyance is seen when Proctor states, Oh, is it [a rabbit]! In Jonathans trap? Elizabeth replies sarcastically, No, she walked into the house this afternoon; I found her sittin in the corner like she come to visit. When John gets up and kisses Elizabeth, she rejects him further by sampling receiving his gesture. Disappointed and somewhat aware of his wifes unspoken displeasure, he sits down. The mood has become awkward. John makes small talk, stating, Its winter in here yet. On Sunday let you come with me, and well walk the farm together; I never see such a load of flowers on the earth. Lilacs have a purple smell. Lilac is the smell of nightfall, I think. Massachusetts is a beauty in the spring! The winter remark refers to the cold atmosphere of the two spouses; they are talking together but are not communicating anything worthwhile. His unfocused rambling does not successfully establish common ground between the two. He turns to her and watches her. A sense of their separation rises, states the stage directions. Proctor asks, I think youre sad again. Are you? Elizabeth, reluctant to cause an argument, replies, You come so late I thought youd gone to Salem this afternoon. However, her attempts are futile because Proctor is set off by Elizabeths blunt remark, Mary Warrens there [at Salem] today. He screams, Whyd you let her? Your heard me forbid her to go to Salem any more!Insight into their troubled marriage continues when Elizabeth loses all faith in him when Proctor replies For a moment alone [I was alone with her], aye and Elizabeth replies, Why, then, it is not as you told me. Proctor becomes violent again, warning Elizabeth not to judge him anymore. Work Cited Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Penguin, 1952.

Medicinal Marijuana Should Be Legal :: Legalization of Marijuana

Any randomly chosen group of people asked to list the most dangerous of these, would include among their immediate answers: â€Å"The Drug Problem†. By the â€Å"Drug Problem†, do they mean the proliferation in our communities of all illicit, mood-altering, physically dangerous drugs? Or do they really mean the accompanying problems bought on by these proscribed substances: crime and the threat of crime, violence, disease, the growing number of users on public welfare, the loss of productivity to the country’s industry, the congestion of the court system, the over-crowding of our penal institutions, the diversion of our tax dollars from more productive areas, the corruption of our law enforcement agencies, and directly and indirectly the erosion of our civil rights? Since I am confining this paper to discussing the laws prohibiting marijuana use, I will concede that it fits the first two categories above; i.e. it is by law, illicit, and by its nature, mood-altering. With the third category we enter upon shaky ground. There is no scientific proof that the prolonged use of marijuana exacts a greater physical toll on the user than the equivalent abuse of nicotine or alcohol. Under the name Extract of Cannabis, marijuana was once widely used medicinally in the United States, and still has minor medicinal uses in other countries. There is only one species - Cannabis Sativa - which yields both a potent drug and a strong fiber long used in the manufacture of fine linen as well as canvas and rope. The seeds are valued as birdseed and the oil, which resembles linseed oil, is valuable because paints made with it dry quickly. A Chinese treatise on pharmacology alleges to date from 2737 B.C. contains what is usually cited as the first reference to marijuana. Through out the history of man in just about every culture the mention of this substance is found used both as a fiber and a drug. The first definite mention of the marijuana plant in the New World, dates from 1545 A.D. when the Spaniards introduced it into Chile. The Jamestown settlers brought the plant to Virginia and cultivated it for its fiber. In 1762 â€Å"Virginia awarded bounties for hemp culture and imposed penalties on those who did not produce it.† George Washington was growing hemp at Mount Vernon three years later – presumably for its fiber, though it has been argued that Washington was also concerned in increasing the medicinal or intoxicating potency of his marijuana plants.

Bolwbys theory of attachment Essay

Outline and Evaluate Bowlby’s Evolutionary Theory of Attachment. (12mark) Attachment can be described using two theories, one being Bowlby’s attachment theory which is based on an evolutionary perspective. The theory suggests that evolution has produced a behaviour that is essential to the survival to allow the passing on of genes. An infant that keeps close to their mother is more likely to survive. The traits that lead to that attachment will be naturally selected. Bowlby has the idea that attachment has evolved and it is innate as it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction, he suggests that children are already born with this innate drive and that they were born to perform these behaviours and born to attain attachment. To enhance the survival of their offspring caregiving is also adaptive and we are born to care for our children. He suggests that infants were born with social releasers (for example: crying/smiling) which encourage caregiving. Bowlby also suggests that there is a best time to form an attachment, this is called the sensitive period where infants are most sensitive to development of attachments and Bowlby would suggest that this is when the child is 3-6 months old. However, attachment can still take place at other times but it becomes increasingly difficult. Attachment acts as a secure base for exploration, which influences independence rather than dependence. Bowlby argues that infants form a single special attachment with one particular attachment figure, usually the mother. This is called monotropy. Other attachments may develop in a hierarchy. An infant may therefore have a primary monotropy attachment to its mother, and below her the hierarchy of attachments might include its father, siblings, grandparents, etc. Another key feature of Bowlby’s theory is that the infant develops an internal working model of relationships that guides relationship behaviour as an older child and an adult. This leads to the continuity hypothesis and the view that there is a link between the early attachment and later emotional behaviour. A strength of this theory is that research appears to suggest that once the sensitive period has passed it is difficult to form attachments. Hodges and Tizard (1989) found that children who have formed no attachments had later difficulties with their peers. This therefore supports Bowlby’s concept of a sensitive period during which infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. Another strength is that if attachment did evolve as Bowlby suggests then we would expect attachment and caregiving to be universal. Tronick et all (1992) studied an African family tribe where infants were fed by different women but slept with their own mother at night. However, despite this, after six months the children all still showed one primary attachment. This supports the view that we are born to attain attachment because attachment and caregiving are universal and not influenced by different cultures. Finally, Bowlby suggested that infants form multiple attachments which then form a hierarchy and there is much evidence to support this. The study by Schaffer and Emerson also found that most infants have many attachments. They reported that there was little relationship between time spent together and attachment. This suggests that it is the quality of caregiving rather than the quantity of it. This supports Bowlby’s theory because it goes against the Learning theory as the learning theory suggests that food is the main key to developing an attachment. A weakness of this theory is the multiple attachment model as this model suggests that there are no primary and secondary attachments but instead they are all integrated into one single model. Grossman and Grossman researched infant-father attachment and found that there is a key role for the father’s in social development. This is a criticism because Grossman and Grossman are suggesting that there is not one particular figure as Bowlby suggests but that fathers and mothers both play a role in the development of a child and therefore they both are as important as each other. Another weakness includes the internal working model as according to Bowlby it is expected that children form similar attachments with all people because they are working from the same model. Lamb (1977) found that some children form secure relationships with their mothers and insecure relationships with their fathers. This suggests that there is more to attachment than just a sensitive response to a social releaser. Kagan (1984) found that children have an innate temperament, e. g. easy going or difficult, that influences early attachments with their caregivers and later relationships when they are adults. This is called temperament hypothesis. This means that attachments form as a result of temperament not an innate gene for attachment.

1996 Apush Exam - 2837 Words

AP United States History Test Answer Explanations: 1996 1. The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to: Protect rights not specified in the Constitution. The correct answer (B) was chosen by 93% of test takers. 2. Which of the following statements about the â€Å"American System† is correct? It was designed to meet the nation’s need for economic progress and self-sufficiency. The correct answer (D) was chosen by 70% of test takers. 3. In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to: Preserve the Union The correct answer (C) was chosen by 90% of test takers. 4. Which of the following statements best describes the clothing industry in the late nineteenth century? The sewing†¦show more content†¦20. The graph above refutes which of the following statements? Most southern families did held slaves. The correct answer (B) was chosen by 71% of test takers. 21. Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century? Cities built sewers and supplied purified water. The correct answer (E) was chosen by 76% of test takers. 22. Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of â€Å"bread and butter† unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved working conditions? The American Federation of Labor. The correct answer (C) was chosen by 43% of test takers. 23. Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct? It built dams that made rural electrification possible. The correct answer (D) was chosen by 66% of test takers. 24. In negotiations to end the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy promised to: Refrain from a military invasion of Cuba. The correct answer (D) was chosen by 55% of test takers. 25. The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to: Raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America The correct answer (A) was chosen by 60% of test takers. 26. The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EX EPT: Call for the abolition of the